WHICH TISSUES CAN BE REGENERATED?
The study of cell and tissue regeneration is still in its infancy, but regenerative medicine is a
rapidly advancing field aimed at helping to stave off disease and slow human aging. Synthetic
drug-based solutions are, unfortunately, a primary focus of this field in conventional medicine, but
natural regeneration has occurred since ancient times.
In fact, even the National Institutes of Health’s National Institute of General Medical Sciences
(NIGMS) states, “All living organisms regenerate as part of natural processes to maintain tissues
and organs.”
Some organisms are more efficient regenerators than others, however.
NIGMS uses the examples of the hydra, a freshwater animal that can regenerate two whole bodies
after being cut in half. A Mexican salamander known as the axolotl can also regenerate new limbs,
organs and other body parts. Sea urchins, zebrafish and the planarian, a freshwater flatworm, are
other examples of organisms capable of regenerating significant portions of their body and organs.
Regenerative abilities in humans, though believed to be more limited, also exist. If part of your
liver is destroyed, for instance, it can be regenerated to its previous size and function.
“Our kidneys, pancreas, thyroid, adrenal glands, and lungs compensate for organ loss in a similar,
but more limited, way,” NIGMS notes. Some of the more exciting advances in regenerative
medicine have revealed, however, that areas of the human body once believed to be finite may
also have regenerative potential. This includes the following:
NERVE CELLS
Neurogenesis, the growth of new neurons, and neuritogenesis,
the formation of neurites, are examples of regeneration within
the nervous system.
“Extensive research has shown that long after postnatal development
the brain continues to birth new neurons (neurogenesis), primarily in
the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, a structure well known for memory processing,”
researchers wrote in BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
Remyelinating compounds, which stimulate the repair of the protective sheath around
the axon of the neurons known as myelin, also exist and have shown promise in treating
multiple sclerosis and other neurodegenerative diseases and injury.
Berberine, which is found in the goldenseal plant, hemp seed oil and vitamin D are
examples of substances that support remyelination, whereas statin drugs have been found
to inhibit myelin formation.
BETA CELLS
Numerous natural compounds have been found to regenerate the insulin-producing beta cells,
which are gradually destroyed in insulin dependent, or type 1, diabetes, and do not produce
enough insulin in type 2 diabetes.
If beta cells could be effectively regenerated, or the survival of existing beta cells could be
prolonged, it could allow people with type 1 diabetes to live without the need for external insulin.
Gymnema sylvestre, which has been used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for centuries, is an
example of a natural substance that supports beta cell regeneration.
This woody shrub may stimulate the secretion of insulin in beta cell lines10 and may even increase
the number of beta cells in the pancreas. Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) is another compound
that has led to partial regeneration of beta cells in animal studies.
HORMONES
Secretagogues exist that may increase the endocrine glands’ ability to secrete hormones, while
other compounds can regenerate hormones that have degraded. In the latter case, this includes
vitamin C, which may contribute electrons to resurrect the form and function of estradiol,
progesterone and testosterone. In one study, researchers noted:
“The reported results concerning the regeneration of hormones by the transfer
of electrons from an electron donor [vitamin C] offer a new, promising
method for the therapy with hormones. As a consequence of the regeneration
of hormones, a decreased formation of carcinogenic metabolites is expected.”
Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), an amino acid, is another secretagogue that increases serum
growth hormone concentration.
While GABA is available in supplement form, you can also
stimulate its production naturally by eating foods with glutamate, such as grass-fed meat, eggs
and dairy products, mushrooms and seaweed.
L-arginine, another amino acid, is also a secretagogue that may increase growth hormone
secretion, along with progesterone. Boosting human growth hormone is important, as levels
tend to decline after age. Such declines are associated with many of the hallmarks of aging,
including declines in muscle mass, increases in body fat and thinning bones.
Like GABA, l-arginine is available in supplement form, but you can also find it via whole foods,
including coconut, pumpkin seeds, seaweed, grass-fed meat and nuts. Maintaining healthy levels of
magnesium, by eating magnesium-rich foods such as avocados, leafy greens, nuts and seeds, is also
important, as magnesium intake is associated with the hormones testosterone and insulin-like
growth factor 1 (IGF-1).